Based on the two primary factors that dip coating is susceptible to, there are two basic kinds of dip coating defects. These groups include:

• Defects brought about by dip coater instability or a change in withdrawal speed.
• Defects are brought on by “external” elements like the environment the substrate is covered in or the viscoelastic and chemical characteristics of the ink.
• When dip coating thin films, a variety of techniques can be employed to avoid flaws. The frequent issues and flaws are covered in the section that follows, along with the distinguishing traits that may be used to recognize them, their causes (and sources), and solutions. When investigating flaws, the following should be kept in mind:

Frequency of the defects
Where the defects occur
When in the coating process, they occur
Defect size and shape